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Sunday, June 24, 2012
ScienceDaily: Biochemistry News
Rulers
Mirror Mirror on the wall, where the heck did I fall?
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This topic is an Out Of Character part of the roleplay, ?The Shattered Mirror?. Anything posted here will also show up there.Topic Tags:
Forum for completely Out of Character (OOC) discussion, based around whatever is happening In Character (IC). Discuss plans, storylines, and events; Recruit for your roleplaying game, or find a GM for your playergroup.
King Duncan-King Duncan is the current ruler of Terrathiea, he is kind and just, trying to make sure peace reigns. He does his best to make sure his citizens are kept happy and well fed, not just in Kalander, where his castle is, but in other areas. He is good friends with the prince of Langish desert. He doesn't know it but there are assassins in Slith that would love to see him dead. When he goes into battle he wears gray armor.
Lord Valandil and Lady Aerandir- They are the elf rulers, kind and just, if not set in there ways. It isn't exactly known how long they have been alive, or even married. They have been seen in Kalandor from time to time, mainly when there is a ceremony, but very few know where in the woods they live. They are kind to King Duncan but think he is rather young, but most humans are.
Prince Ali- Prince Ali is a young ruler, but he does his best to keep things in order. However like most young people he doesn't like to sit still. He does end up going through the city dressed as an ordinary citizen, trying to make sure that everyone is happy. He is currently married to Princess Yasimen, but she doesn't have much of a head for politics, but she does care for her people and tries to help her husband out as best as she can.
Empress Meru- Unlike most of the other societies, Mer society is a female dominated society, and they are ruled by Empress Meru. She is a wise mer, but she can be sensitive. Her kingdom is one of the few that have female warriors. She hates being treated as a lesser ruler by some of the humans, and hates how people think that she is only a ruler because she isn't married and was the only child of the last ruler.
Queen Lotak-Her name is only whispered or told in tales to scare childern. She is the ruler of the demons, though not many believe in her any more. Only the demons now know that she is real, and they will follow her orders...though not out of loyalty but out of fear.
Chief Denyryr- He is the chief of the nomad centuars, and he loves to party and live it up. He is considered a barbarian among the humans, but honestly he can be polite when he feels like it. He is a bit of a flirt, and will hit on ladies of any race. He is currently not married.
Queen Sealen- She is the current ruler of the selkies, though honestly the selkies only meet every few monthes. They are a free people, each staying in a smaller packs ruled by an alpha. But they all follow her laws. They are free spirited and playful, finding joy in little things. A few have been lost to human males stealing their skin, forcing them into human forms and marrying them, at least until they find their skin again. Currently residing in Karrash ocean, with the mers.
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Novel animal reservoir for group of tick-borne diseases discovered -- and it lives in your backyard
ScienceDaily (June 23, 2012) ? A team of scientists at Washington University in St. Louis has been keeping a wary eye on emerging tick-borne diseases in Missouri for the past dozen years, and they have just nailed down another part of the story.
They knew from earlier work that the animal reservoirs for the diseases included white-tailed deer, wild turkey and a species in the squirrel familiy, but the DNA assay they had used wasn't sensitive enough to identify the species.
Squirrels belong to a large family called the Sciuridae, which includes chipmunks, fox squirrels, red squirrels, flying squirrels, ground hogs and prairie dogs.
In the May issue of the Journal of Medical Entomology the scientists, led by Robert E. Thach, PhD, professor of biology in Arts & Sciences, report that a more sensitive assay has allowed them to identify the major species in question as the eastern gray squirrel.
Yes, the friendly neighborhood seed thief and dog tease is also a mobile tick blood supply and bacteria incubator.
The work is important because tick-borne diseases can be efficiently controlled only if all of the animal reservoirs that might contribute to transmission of the disease have been identified.
Not your New England tick
The most prevalent tick-borne disease in North America is Lyme disease, which is transmitted by the bite of an infected black-legged tick. In the southeastern United States, however, the most common diseases are ehrlichioses and STARI, which are transmitted by the bite of a different tick, the lone star tick.
Until 1986, ehrlichia bacteria were thought to cause disease only in animals. But in that year, a physician noticed mulberry-shaped aggregates characteristic of the bacteria in the blood of a gravely ill man.
The lone star tick, similarly, was thought to be merely a nuisance species until 1993, when the DNA of one of the ehrlichia species was found in lone star ticks collected in Missouri and several other states.
Ehrlichiosis typically begins with vague symptoms that mimic those of other bacterial illnesses. In a few patients, however, it progresses rapidly to affect the liver and other organs, and may cause death unless treated with antibiotics. STARI is similar to Lyme disease but seems to be less virulent.
The reservoirs
By 2010, with the pathogens and their vector identified, the WUSTL team was trying to find the animal reservoirs.
Looking for pathogens and host species, they ran two assays on the ground-up ticks: one to identify the DNA of pathogens and the other to identify the DNA of animals that had provided blood meals.
The blood meal assay on ticks carrying pathogens identified white-tailed deer blood and the blood of a species in the squirrel family, but it couldn't distinguish among 20 or so possible squirrel species.
So the team was very interested when they read a paper in the Journal of Medical Entomology about a new assay that could identify tick blood meals down to the species level.
The assay, developed by scientists at the University of Neuchatel in Neuchatel, Switzerland, used a segment of mitochondrial DNA instead of nuclear DNA as a species marker.
Mitochondria, organelles within the cells that convert energy into forms cells can use, have their own DNA, probably because they were once free-living bacteria.
For reasons that are not entirely clear, mitochondrial DNA mutates faster than DNA tucked away in the cell nucleus. It may be that the mitochondria simply have more primitive DNA repair mechanisms and so cannot fix mistakes if they occur.
In any case, the more mutations, the greater the difference between the DNA of two different species, and the greater the power of the assay to distinguish among species, Thach says.
To tailor the assay for their purposes, the team retrieved the DNA sequences for possible North American host species from Genbank, an open-access sequence database. Sequences not available in the database were determined by the lab.
Lisa S. Goessling, now a research lab supervisor in the School of Medicine, used the sequences to make a palette of probes for 11 species and -- just to make sure the net was cast wide enough -- several higher taxonomic orders.
The scientist then re-ran old samples and newly collected ticks through the new assay. Spots on the assay where the tick blood and the gray squirrel probe overlapped lit up, signaling the presence of gray squirrel blood in the ticks.
Why not the others?
Lone star ticks are famously aggressive and indiscriminate biters, so why hadn't they attacked other animals? Is there something special about deer or gray squirrels that makes the ticks prefer them?
This isn't the kind of question the scientists can answer definitively, but Thach doesn't think so. He has a simpler answer.
"If you think of an inventory of the animals in the woods and the amount of blood in each, well, most of the available blood in the woods is in deer, and next to that in turkeys and squirrels, because turkeys are so big and there are so many squirrels. So I suspect it's mainly just a mass phenomenon," he says.
Neighborhood, neighborhood, neighborhood
Having found gray squirrel DNA in tick blood, the scientists attacked the problem from a different angle to see if they could confirm their results. They trapped gray squirrels rather than ticks.
Were the gray squirrels carrying tick-borne pathogens? The answer, it turned out, depends on where you are. Only 5 percent of the squirrels in a relatively urban suburb (University City, Mo.) were carrying a pathogen, but 25 percent of the squirrels in a wooded "garden suburb" (Kirkwood, Mo.) were infected.
Why the difference? Thach suspects it comes down to white-tailed deer. There are few, if any, in University City, but they cruise backyards in Kirkwood. Wherever deer go they shed ticks.
This also is the likely answer to another conundrum: the absence or near absence of]ticks in Forest Park, the 1,371-acre urban park that adjoins Washington University in St. Louis. Thach says an exhaustive search turned up only one tick.
Why so few ticks? Perhaps because the only deer in Forest Park are the ones in the Saint Louis Zoo.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Washington University in St. Louis.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- Goessling, L.S., Allan, B.F., Mandelbaum,R.S., and Thach, R.E. Development of a Mitochondrial 12S rDNA Analysis for Distinguishing Sciuridae Species 19 with Potential to Transmit Ehrlichia and Borrelia Species to Feeding Amblyomma 20 americanum (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 2012 (In press)
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
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Saturday, June 23, 2012
Make The Correct Online Marketing Method By Utilising These Ideas ...
The web is really a effective instrument in several businesses. Online marketing may have a large optimistic effect for almost any organization. Regardless if you are only considering a transfer to the field, or maybe you are already operating a whole-blown online marketing system, a little bit assistance might be beneficial. Continue reading for swift tips to boost the effectiveness of your respective internet marketing endeavours.
Listing
To obtain your website?s title on the market, make the most of local business web directories, several that happen to be free. There are lots of directories on the internet, enough totally free versions, that it is not necessary to pay for a itemizing in a single. Get the organization indexed in as much directories that you can discover. As a result you will get more traffic plus more organization.
To acquire your website?s title available, take advantage of local company web directories, many which can be free of charge. There are lots of directories online, ample free of charge ones, that it is not essential to pay for a itemizing in just one. Buy your company indexed in as numerous directories that you can find. As a result you will definately get more visitors plus more enterprise.
When itemizing free of charge benefits with your advertisement version in your website about your merchandise, ensure that you consist of exactly how much those things are routinely. This may give consumers an idea with regards to just how much they may be protecting or benefiting from operating with a free of charge motivator you will be providing on your product or service.
Be sure your enterprise is easy to find. Place your telephone number on the contact site. At times each time a client is store shopping, they need a sudden respond to and will not make time to wait around for a message. By having your variety outlined, you will be rendering it feasible for a possible buyer get in touch with you.
It can be vital to track visitor data to enable you to increase your organization. Important information to track is inbound phone calls in your organization. You simply need a devoted telephone number to your organization. This amount must attribute prominently on your own site. Utilize a telephone monitoring company that produces contact reports. The type of info you will get is the caller?s brand, contact number and the size of the telephone contact.
One simple, effective method to promote your business or product or service on the web is to utilise online internet directories. By getting started with a directory listing, you can expect to significantly improve the chances of you being found by men and women seeking the internet for that services you give. Hopefully, as the amount of visitors to your site increases, so as well will the volume of spending buyers.
One strategy to improve your web sites coverage is always to put the Web address for the Open Directory Task at www.dmoz.org. Submissions are evaluated for top quality, yet, if your site is accepted, it will likely be a part of a huge, comprehensive human-edited Web directory site and stay indexed in Google?s list, opening the entrance to another target audience of potential clients.
Mobile phone
Providing free mobile phone consultation services, will generally give elevated sales. Furthermore this give you a personalized ability to offer, nevertheless it displays your customers that you are currently the sort of business that cares and will take occasions in order to meet their needs. Even when a purchase is just not manufactured as a direct outcome of the call, it can develop the commitment of your client, which may mean potential sales and recommendations.
One thing that you can do as a way to create rely on with the clients in terms of web marketing is by offering them totally free mobile phone assessment just before they elect to get your products or services. It will likewise get them to find out you actually which may lead to far more income in the end.
One particular excellent website marketing instrument is to supply potential customers a free mobile phone consultation just before they buy any of your goods or services. If people familiarize yourself with you personally, it will be simpler so they can buy your goods. It is possible to establish individual contacts with your customers that may improve your standing along with the trustworthiness of your business.
One thing you can do so that you can construct rely on with the buyers in terms of internet marketing is simply by providing them cost-free telephone consultation before they choose to get your merchandise. It will have them to understand you individually which can lead to a lot more revenue in the long term.
Merge website marketing with many other classical forms of advertising and marketing. Phone individuals in the phone that have frequented your working environment and get shown interest in your merchandise. Give advertising things by way of standard email to frequent consumers. Deliver thanks cards to anyone who has stopped at and acquired items of your stuff. Take advantage of all of the possibilities readily available for marketing your business.
A client must feel safe when opting to get a product or service on-line. A good way to enable them to feel relaxed is making it effortless so they can make contact with you should they should. Itemizing a contact number, e-mail address and physical tackle may be all it takes for your consumer to feel at ease adequate to place an order.
Make sure your small business is simple to find. Position your contact number on the speak to webpage. Occasionally when a client is buying, they desire a sudden answer and will not take time to await an e-mail. By getting your quantity detailed, you might be so that it is easy for a potential consumer get in touch with you.
Make certain your small business is simple to find. Place your telephone number around the make contact with webpage. Often each time a consumer is purchasing, they really want an immediate solution and definately will not spend some time to watch for an email. With your number outlined, you are which makes it easier for a potential customer to contact you.
Make certain your business is readily available. Place your phone number around the contact page. Occasionally each time a client is shopping, they want a quick answer and definately will not spend some time to await an email. By getting your number outlined, you might be so that it is simple for a prospective consumer to contact you.
Telephone directory
Be sure you list your articles inside the right internet directories. As an illustration, you are able to checklist e-zines, notifications or some other free services in the certain directory site. This ought to attract a couple of visitors who found out relating to your solutions while seeking via internet directories, as well as men and women thinking about covering your market.
Be sure you listing your posts within the appropriate web directories. For example, it is possible to listing e-zines, notifications or any other cost-free assistance within a certain website directory. This should attract a few website visitors who determined about your professional services when looking by means of directories, along with individuals thinking about covering your industry.
You don?t must pay to possess your small business included with an enterprise directory. There are many free of charge options available that provides you with as much visibility as those who request you to purchase their solutions. Check out to the free types and use all those instead, since they are just like useful.
To boost the buzz of your own backlinks, send your web site to all readily available directories. There are a huge selection of databases which will listing your web site at no charge, numerous by using a higher page ranking. Itemizing your website inside a website directory certain in your site?s classification, say for example a overall health food listing or even a animal proper care website directory, can be specifically successful.
To boost the recognition of your respective hyperlinks, send your internet site to all readily available web directories. There are actually a huge selection of databases that can list your website at no cost, several using a high google page rank. Itemizing your website in a directory site certain for your site?s class, like a well being food items directory or even a family pet care listing, could be specially effective.
Purchase placed in each cost-free website directory to boost traffic and awareness of your organization. Because of so many web directories giving to attribute your Internet enterprise totally free, there happens to be absolutely no reason to fund one particular. From major factors like Yahoo and google and Google to your nearby area sale listings, this really is one quite cost-effective enterprise instrument to set to great use.
Have yourself indexed in each and every totally free directory to enhance traffic and knowledge of your business. Considering the variety of internet directories providing to feature your online company for free, there actually is no reason to purchase 1. From main forces like Google and Google in your nearby local community listings, this is certainly one very cost effective business device to get to great use.
Attempt to get your business indexed in directories that meet the needs of people a certain potential audience. When you have an actual real estate company, you might not desire to be within a listing filled up with legal professionals. Get databases that happen to be specific to whichever kind of company you specialize in.
One thought that can help along with your online marketing is usually to include your name to a local company website directory. You can test such as Yelp or perhaps Craigslist to have your business and web site around. You want people to view your title and manufacturer as numerous places as you possibly can.
Submit your internet site to important internet directories. A link from the directory will bring you targeted traffic and help your standing. A directory site is not really the same as a search engine, it is only a list of web sites according to group. You may distribute your blog towards the free Open Directory site Project (www.dmoz.com). It might time some time to get outlined, wait several days and if you don?t watch your listing, resubmit.
As i have said at the beginning of this short article, the importance of web marketing in this particular digital era can not be over-stated. Regardless of the dimensions of your organization, your customers use the web and utilizing online marketing is a great method to reach them. Keep to the marketing recommendations talked about right here, to ensure that you increase and promote your enterprise.
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Syria forms new government; key posts unchanged
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'Girl Thing' science video: Not a good thing
This version of the controversial "Science: It's a Girl Thing" video was posted to YouTube after the European Commission's original version was rendered inaccessible.
By Alan Boyle
Doing smackdowns on stupid online videos could be a full-time job, so it's a good thing that so many other people are willing to take on the task. What's not a good thing is the video done up for the European Commission's Women in Research and Innovation initiative, which has high-heeled models glamming it up to tout science as a "girl thing."
Not that I'm against high-heeled models, but as a teaser to highlight women in science or get girls interested in science careers, it earns a strong thumbs-down. After weathering the bad reviews on the Web and Twitter for hours and hours, the European Commission shut down access to the video and tweeted, "OK, scientists, we heard you."
The campaign in general isn't a bad thing. This quote from the Science-Girl-Thing.eu website hits the right tone:
"Want to save lives? Keen to find out what?s lurking in the nether regions of space, or in the deepest ocean trench? Passionate about the environment? Do something about it! The next great discovery could be yours, so come and take up the challenge.
"Did you know that girls do as well as boys in science and maths at school but many more boys go on to further study science, technology and engineering? So girls, remember: you?ve got what it takes.
"Science needs your ideas, your inspiration and your passion ? science needs YOU!"
It's just too bad that one video spoils the mood. Now I'm waiting for the parody video, "Science: It's a Guy Thing," which will have Chippendale male dancers strut their stuff while a bespectacled woman looks up from the microscope.
For a selection of the smackdowns, just sort through the Twitter tweets that include the #sciencegirlthing tag?? or, as a balancer, the #realwomenofscience tag. Both of those tags have risen to Twitter's list of top trenders. ?This Skepchick posting by my blogging colleague, Noisy Astronomer Nicole Gugliucci, provides a great survey of the pluses and the minuses. She includes this video that covers the positive side of the ledger. Like the awful teaser video, it's part of the "Science: It's a Girl Thing" video gallery.
This "Science: It's a Girl Thing" video focuses on University of Liege astronomer Yael Naz?.
Update for 2:15 p.m. ET: The tweets from European Commission spokesman Michael Jennings suggest that he thinks the campaign's evil plan is working: "Hope was to get young people onto site. That seems to be happening! ... Lots of comments on #sciencegirlthing vid. 45 seconds of fun for launch to grab attention. Not central to main campaign."
Update for 5:45 p.m. ET: The original teaser video has been taken down, but of course you can still find an archived version on YouTube. The Science-Girl-Thing.eu website features a different teaser trailer, and the European Commission's communication department says this in a Twitter update: "OK, scientists, we've heard you and we want to keep hearing you. Help us build a list of #realwomeninscience: https://t.co/A2LX24ym." That shortened Web address points to a list of Twitter accounts for female scientists. More than 100 women are on the list so far, and it's growing by the minute. Now, that's a good thing.
Update for 7:05 p.m. ET: Twitterers are tittering over tweets with the #scienceboything hashtag, but I'm still waiting for the "Science: It's a Guy Thing" video.
More about women in science:
Alan Boyle is msnbc.com's science editor. Connect with the Cosmic Log community by "liking" the log's Facebook page, following @b0yle on Twitter and adding the?Cosmic Log page?to your Google+ presence. You can also check out?"The Case for Pluto,"?my book about the controversial dwarf planet and the search for new worlds.
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Queen of Sheba's gift? Genetic mixing trail
The Queen of Sheba's genetic legacy may live on in Ethiopia, according to new research that finds evidence of long-ago genetic mixing between Ethiopian populations and Syrian and Israeli people.
The Queen of Sheba, known in Ethiopia as Makeda, is mentioned in both the Bible and the Quran. The Bible discusses diplomatic relations between this monarch and King Solomon of Israel, but Ethiopian tradition holds that their relationship went deeper: Makeda's son, Menelik I, the first emperor of Ethiopia, is said to be Solomon's offspring.
Whether this tale is true or not, new evidence reveals close links between Ethiopia and groups outside of Africa. Some Ethiopians have 40 percent to 50 percent of their genomes that match more closely with populations outside of Africa than those within, while the rest of the genomes more closely match African populations, said study researcher Toomas Kivisild of the University of Cambridge. [ History's Most Overlooked Mysteries ]
"We calculated genetic distances and found that these non-African regions of the genome are closest to the populations in Egypt, Israel and Syria," Kivislid said in a statement.
From its perch on the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia is the site of early hominin discoveries such as "Lucy," a fossilized Australopithecus afarensis and an early human ancestor. Ethiopia is also a gateway between Africa and Asia, according to Kivislid and his colleagues. But few genetic studies have delved specifically into the Ethiopian genome.
Both agriculture and linguistics show a link between Ethiopia and lands outside of Africa. For example, archaeologists have uncovered wheat and barley farming in Ethiopia, agriculture that first arose in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East. Linguistically, Ethio-Semitic, a language spoken both in Ethiopia and nearby Eritrea, has been traced to a Middle Eastern origin.?
To better understand the genetic ties between Ethiopia and the rest of the world, Kivislid and his colleagues analyzed the genomes of 188 Ethiopian men from 10 diverse populations. The men came from different regions and spoke different languages.
The results revealed that the Ethiopian genome is less ancient than those of some South African populations, and that Ethiopian genes are quite diverse. Language hinted at genetics, the researchers found: Speakers of Semetic and Cushitic tongues were shown to have genomes about half comprised of genes from non-African origins. Other groups were characterized by mixes of eastern and western African genes.
Tracing the genomic changes, the researchers found that the non-African and African genes first mingled about 3,000 years ago rather than during more recent times, the researchers reported Thursday in the American Journal of Human Genetics. [ Most Tragic Love Stories in History ]
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That timeline confirms what linguistic studies have suggested about links between the Middle East and Ethiopia during this time period, the researchers wrote. It also matches records and tales of the reign of the Queen of Sheba from about 1005 to 955 B.C., when trade routes were established and a royal son, perhaps, was born. Relations between the Horn of Africa and the Middle East would continue for centuries.
"These long-lasting links between the two regions are reflected in influences still apparent in the modern Ethiopian cultural, and, as we show here, genetic landscapes," the researchers wrote.
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